【正見網2001年02月13日】
【編者按】 這些有識科學家，思想上突破了實證科學的框框，已經在科學角度窺視到幾分「元神不滅」的奧妙，並嘗試用現有的研究手段對其進行研究和探索。儘管從實證科學的角度是無法解釋清楚人體與靈魂的關係的，他們的嘗試和發現仍給人們以啟迪。而《轉法輪》卻能使學者在更高的角度洞徹這一切的奧秘。
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被選擇個體離體經驗之精神生理學研究
查理斯・塔特
〔 本文發表於<美國心靈研究協會期刊>，1968年，第62卷，第1期，第3-27頁。〕
討論(續)
在一次睡眠實驗中(42)，由於冬眠靈(氯丙嗪)給藥，睡眠紀錄中出現了相當多α活動。商品名叫氯丙嗪的冬眠靈作為鎮靜劑十分常用。某友人指出，Z女士在實驗期間可能服用了三氟啦嗪(三氟吡啦嗪、甲哌氟丙嗪) (一種安定藥,用於治療精神分裂症等)。儘管她本人、室友、男友都不記得當時她曾服過該藥，可能性仍然存在。該藥在睡眠腦電圖上的反應沒有研究，但Z女士應該記住自己或許服用了該藥，並且可能反應在了她腦電圖的α活動上。但即使這樣，也不能說明她離體經歷同這種獨特的腦電波模式有關，同正常睡眠階段的腦電波模式截然不同。其實你可能想，藥物趨向於減緩α頻率，或許促進了離體經歷的發生，這可對實驗會是個很有效的質詢。
有一點指出來很重要，Z女士在離體時的精神生理狀態根本不像我們通過閱讀各種關於離體或「占星術」 (21, 26, 44, 46)的神秘著作、或通過把很多有報導的離體經歷同嚴重疾病重大事故 (10, 11, l2, 43)關聯在一起去猜測的那樣。這些作品會讓你期待有「死去般的迷睡」伴隨著離體的發生，這期間呼吸和心跳都會顯著放緩，體溫顯著下降，那你會觀察到種種有昏迷特徵的腦波(55)。看來Z女士沒有進入「死去般的迷睡」。當時她的心律正常而平穩，沒有異常的自律活動，腦電波的階段1和α活動也沒和昏迷有關聯。然而，進一步研究一些關於離體產生技術的神秘著作(例如：9, 26, 27, 28, 44, 46)，卻顯示所提及的不同方法可能會產生類型截然不同的[注釋5]離體經歷。
其中有些是夢境控制方法，要求做夢者必須分辨出自己在做夢，接著把夢境變成離體經歷。其它的方法我們稱為催眠體驗，因為要求當事人死死地潛心於想著要離體，使其漸漸進入催眠或入睡狀態。還有其它的方法，要求製造一種「昏迷」狀態，但不在這裡詳談這第三種可能，因為作者「昏迷」一詞的含義很模糊，在別處討論(60)。Z女士的經歷或許是催眠現象的實例，跟隨著短暫的醒來，或者是階段1做夢變成了離體經歷。從這次對實驗工作的研究中還搞不清楚究竟是哪種情況。
應該提一下這裡的離體經歷和腦波狀態之間有聯繫的假設。腦電波是種複雜現象，隨著頻率、規律性、波形、在腦中的空間分布以及部位間相位關係而變化。本文的報告分析僅限於視覺調查：對與離體經歷可能有關的腦電波進行足夠的研究將不得不使用最複雜的記錄和電子分析技術，讓選定受測者貫穿所有的控制條件進行實驗，觀察哪個腦電圖關聯與離體經歷唯一對應，還有哪個腦電圖是在其它條件下出現的。
總之，通過這次簡短的研究，在幾次Z女士的離體經歷報告和一種生理模式(以伴隨顯著α活動的腦電圖平直波、沒有REM或皮膚阻抗活動、心律正常為特徵)之間發現了一個相當清楚的聯繫。在我們能開始理解離體靜離的精神生理和非心裡成分之前，還有大量工作有待進行；目前研究到這個程度，這些經歷可以用現代科學技術來研究，希望這會鼓勵其他研究者開展進一步的實驗。
腳註
注釋1：在階段1腦電圖的一個階段當中，所經歷的夢的內容可以分成幾個截然不同的情節；所以在某種意義上，在連續的做夢期間有幾種截然不同的「夢」 出現。德曼特和沃泊特展示一些證據說明主題的這種變化會伴隨受測者一個全身運動。
注釋2：亞瑟・亥思廷司博士對此給我幫助，我想表示感謝。
注釋3：為了第5個晚間實驗，房間陳設只有細微改變，增大架子避免反射能在受測者床上位置被看到。不過，在安排第5個晚間實驗前，Z女士的個人困難迫使她返回南加利福尼亞的家中。
注釋4：α活動通常作為階段1睡眠的一個成分提及，但沒有量化標準來說明多大的α活動才夠典型。所以我根據個人研究幾十例睡眠紀錄的經驗，感覺Z女士的α活動在經歷離體時格外顯著。
注釋5：我希望不久能如願對另一位宣稱能離體的女士做些研究。她曾參加一名同事的行為控制腦電圖α節律的實驗，並且很好地增強了該節律。
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