外語詩欣賞:濟慈、狄更斯、葉慈

曉拂


【正見網2005年08月15日】

On the Grasshopper and the Cricket

John Keats


The poetry of earth is never dead:
When all the birds are faint with the hot sun,
And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run
From hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead;
That is the Grasshopper's -- he takes the lead
In summer luxury -- he has never done
With his delights; for when tired out with fun
He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed.
The poetry of earth is ceasing never:
On a lone winter evening, when the frost
Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills
The Cricket's song, in warmth increasing ever,
And seems to one in drowsiness half lost,
The Grasshopper's among some grassy hills.

The cricket sang

Emily Dickinson


The cricket sang,
And set the sun,
And workmen finished, one by one,
Their seam the day upon.

The low grass loaded with the dew,
The twilight stood as strangers do
With hat in hand, polite and new,
To stay as if, or go.

A vastness, as a neighbor, came,--
A wisdom without face or name,
A peace, as hemispheres at home,--
And so the night became.

Locust Spring

by J.M. Yates


One by one
The heave doors
of my senses
Swing open into the spring

Things I spent the winter naming
Struggle free of
Their round syllables
Sing down the full throats
Of the fattening birds

In the dark
When the air relaxes
The rages of singing and wings
Small circles descend
Toward the grass:
Each encapsulates seventeen years.

細讀了上面三首詩。比較起來,覺得Emily Dickinson的詩最有味,耐讀。她的詩的特點是:用詞簡煉,想像奇特。如將黃昏說成是一位陌生人手裡拿著帽子,黑夜又有如鄰居來訪。因為這兩個特點,使得她的詩特別,而又韻味十足。 她的詩抓形很準,象一張好的素描。

她詩中用的幾個字用的獨到,如"Set" (the sun), "Seam" (the day upon),(polite and) "new", etc.

整首詩詩味很足。而且用韻很好。每一個Stanza都有獨特之處。想一想,蟋蟀將太陽唱落;黃昏靜立著,如一個拿著帽子的陌生人,禮貌而又新奇;夜的深遠浩瀚如一位來訪的鄰居(當然這得是一位有趣的鄰居。如一種沒有面孔沒有名字的智慧,多麼詩意的畫面啊!

試譯一下。

蟋蟀之歌

蟋蟀歌唱
唱落了太陽
工人收工了,一個接一雙
白天就這樣合上

淺草掛滿露珠
黃昏如陌生人當窗
手裡拿著帽子,禮貌而又安詳
來或者去,都是一樣

夜的深遠浩瀚
有如鄰居來訪
它的智慧沒有名字,也沒有模樣
家的一隅,寫滿寧靜安康

◇◇◇ ◇◇◇

濟慈的詩讀了,很溫馨清新的感覺。讀到蟈蟈我就想起自己侍弄草地花園。覺得自己象個蟈蟈。這個春天我種了幾棵鬱金香,一株杜鵑花。杜鵑花是粉色的,後來又看見還有紫色的、白色品種的。但是,園子裡已經沒有空地了,也就算了。

我已經很會割草了。周末時割一下草,做一會兒園丁是很愜意的事。我會將草地割得很好看,邊緣切割得很整齊。我還將花園的邊緣弄出曲線來,砌上邊。自己覺得很有成就。

侍弄花園就像寫文章做飯一樣,要花時間,慢慢來,才會整理得精緻。

蛐蛐原來在冬天也叫啊?讀這首詩我才知道。與家人圍爐夜話還是小時候的事了,也不記得有聽見蛐蛐的吟唱。

試著將詩譯了一下:

大地的詩篇啊永不會死亡
當所有的鳥兒在烈日下噤聲
清涼的樹蔭下,一個聲音響起
從新畦草地的一邊到另一邊
那是蟈蟈的領唱
在夏日的繁華裡,他的歡樂
永不停息。當他累了時
他就在草叢下愉快的小憩

大地的詩篇啊永不止息
在寂寞的冬夜,當霜露
織成一片寂靜,在爐火旁
蛐蛐開始細聲吟唱
她的歌音隨著爐火升溫
在睡意朦朧中,人們仿佛又
聽見蟈蟈在綠色山坡上的領唱

◇◇◇ ◇◇◇

葉慈(Yates)的詩讓我想起很久以前,也讀過一首關於蟬的現代詩,記得有這麼兩句:

明明知道只有一個夏季可活
卻拚命也要唱出埋藏在心底裡的的歌

這兩句詩不太精雅,但意思有了。「after 17 years of waiting and dormancy underground, one can imagine how much vitality and eagerness have been accumulated in these little creatures---their sense doors were once unbearably heavy (dormant), but now it's time for liberating their desires for embracing spring and life. What a painful waiting yet eventually a passionate burgeoning of a true life! Let's waltz into Spring! 」

又去查了查書,發現有很多詠蟬的詩詞。抄幾句供大家欣賞。

蟬聲將月短,草色與秋長。

散影玉階柳,含翠隱鳴蟬。微形藏葉裡,亂響出風前。

水闊盡南天,孤舟去渺然。驚秋路傍客,日暮數聲蟬。

抱葉寒蟬靜,歸來獨鳥遲。

何限倚山木,吟詩葉秋黃,蟬聲集古寺,鳥影渡寒塘。

再抄一首:

瀑布寺貞上人院

鄭巢

林疏多暮蟬,師去宿山煙。
古燈熏壁畫,秋琴潤雨弦。
竹間窺遠鶴,岩上取寒泉。
西嶽沙房在,歸期更幾年。

我現在常讀感情色彩不太強烈的詩。有一天讀到一首,前面幾句都覺平常,而且胸懷不開,唯有讀到「故國白雲遠,閒居青草生」才覺得眼前一亮。

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